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Journal of Immunology Research 2021The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades.... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades. IBD is generally associated with the change of the immune system and gut microbiota, and the conventional treatments usually result in some side effects. Bifidobacterium longum, as colonizing bacteria in the intestine, has been demonstrated to be capable of relieving colitis in mice and can be employed as an alternative or auxiliary way for treating IBD. Here, the mechanisms of the Bifidobacterium longum in the treatment of IBD were summarized based on previous cell and animal studies and clinical trials testing bacterial therapies. This review will be served as a basis for future research on IBD treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Probiotics
PubMed: 34337079
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8030297 -
Nutrients May 2020bstract: Since originally isolated in 1899, the genus has been demonstrated to predominate in the gut microbiota of breastfed infants and to benefit the host by... (Review)
Review
bstract: Since originally isolated in 1899, the genus has been demonstrated to predominate in the gut microbiota of breastfed infants and to benefit the host by accelerating maturation of the immune response, balancing the immune system to suppress inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function, and increasing acetate production. In particular, subspecies () is well adapted to the infant gut and has co-evolved with the mother-infant dyad and gut microbiome, in part due to its ability to consume complex carbohydrates found in human milk. and its human host have a symbiotic relationship that protects the preterm or term neonate and nourishes a healthy gut microbiota prior to weaning. To provide benefits associated with to all infants, a number of commercialized strains have been developed over the past decades. As new ingredients become available, safety and suitability must be assessed in preclinical and clinical studies. Consideration of the full clinical evidence for use in pediatric nutrition is critical to better understand its potential impacts on infant health and development. Herein we summarize the recent clinical studies utilizing select strains of commercialized .
Topics: Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis; Breast Feeding; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Intestines; Male; Milk, Human; Probiotics; Symbiosis
PubMed: 32481558
DOI: 10.3390/nu12061581 -
Gut Microbes 2022Gut microbial disturbance affects allergic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) via the aberrant immune response. Some Bifidobacterial species and strains...
Gut microbial disturbance affects allergic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) via the aberrant immune response. Some Bifidobacterial species and strains have been reported to improve AD via modulating immune-microbe interactions in patients. However, the effective metabolites and mechanism of alleviating AD in bifidobacteria remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the microbial metabolite and mechanism of to improve AD. Based on shotgun metagenomic sequencing and UHPLC Q-Exactive-MS targeted metabolic experiments and , we focused on tryptophan metabolism and indole derivatives, which are endogenous ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3C), a tryptophan metabolite of CCFM1029 activated AHR-mediated immune signaling pathway to improve AD symptoms in animal and clinical experiments. CCFM1029 upregulated tryptophan metabolism and increased I3C to suppress aberrant T helper 2 type immune responses, but these benefits were eliminated by AHR antagonist CH223191. Furthermore, CCFM1029 reshaped gut microbial composition in AD patients, increased fecal and serum I3C, and maintained the abundance of related to tryptophan metabolism of gut microbiota. The results suggested that based on the interactions of the gut-skin axis, CCFM1029 upregulated tryptophan metabolism and produced I3C to activate AHR-mediated immune response, alleviating AD symptoms. Indole derivates, microbial metabolites of tryptophan, may be the potential metabolites of bifidobacteria to alleviate AD via the AHR signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium longum; Dermatitis, Atopic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Indoles; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Tryptophan
PubMed: 35239463
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2044723 -
Nutrients Apr 2019Functional gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent, and may be driven by several pathogenic mechanisms. Symptoms may persist in lactose intolerant (LI) patients (i.e.,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Functional gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent, and may be driven by several pathogenic mechanisms. Symptoms may persist in lactose intolerant (LI) patients (i.e., subjects with intestinal lactase deficiency, lactose malabsorption producing symptoms), after a lactose-free diet. Our hypothesis was that probiotic and vitamin B6 treatment may be useful to alleviate symptoms in LI patients through a positive modulation of gut microbial composition and relative metabolism. We aimed to test the efficacy of a novel formulation of BB536 and HN001 plus vitamin B6 (ZR) in 23 LI subjects with persistent symptoms during a lactose-free diet. Symptoms, microbiome, and metabolome were measured at baseline and after 30 days in a crossover, randomized, double-blind study of ZR versus placebo (PL). Compared with PL, the administration of probiotics and vitamin B6 significantly decreased bloating (p = 0.028) and ameliorated constipation (p = 0.045). Fecal microbiome differed between ZR and PL. ZR drove the enrichment of several genera involved in lactose digestion including Bifidobacerium. Moreover, the relative abundance of acetic acid, 2-methyl-propanoic acid, nonenal, and indolizine 3-methyl increased, while phenol decreased. Our findings highlight the importance of selected probiotics and vitamin B6 to alleviate symptoms and gut dysbiosis in lactose intolerant patients with persistent functional gastrointestinal symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium longum; Constipation; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Double-Blind Method; Dysbiosis; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Lactase; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Lactose; Lactose Intolerance; Male; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 31010241
DOI: 10.3390/nu11040886 -
Cell Nov 2022The gut microbiome has an important role in infant health and development. We characterized the fecal microbiome and metabolome of 222 young children in Dhaka,...
The gut microbiome has an important role in infant health and development. We characterized the fecal microbiome and metabolome of 222 young children in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the first two years of life. A distinct Bifidobacterium longum clade expanded with introduction of solid foods and harbored enzymes for utilizing both breast milk and solid food substrates. The clade was highly prevalent in Bangladesh, present globally (at lower prevalence), and correlated with many other gut taxa and metabolites, indicating an important role in gut ecology. We also found that the B. longum clades and associated metabolites were implicated in childhood diarrhea and early growth, including positive associations between growth measures and B. longum subsp. infantis, indolelactate and N-acetylglutamate. Our data demonstrate geographic, cultural, seasonal, and ecological heterogeneity that should be accounted for when identifying microbiome factors implicated in and potentially benefiting infant development.
Topics: Infant; Child; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Bifidobacterium longum; Bifidobacterium; Weaning; Oligosaccharides; Bangladesh; Milk, Human; Feces
PubMed: 36323316
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.011 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Jan 2018Anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy has had a major impact on cancer treatment but has only benefited a subset of patients. Among the variables that could contribute to...
Anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy has had a major impact on cancer treatment but has only benefited a subset of patients. Among the variables that could contribute to interpatient heterogeneity is differential composition of the patients' microbiome, which has been shown to affect antitumor immunity and immunotherapy efficacy in preclinical mouse models. We analyzed baseline stool samples from metastatic melanoma patients before immunotherapy treatment, through an integration of 16 ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for selected bacteria. A significant association was observed between commensal microbial composition and clinical response. Bacterial species more abundant in responders included , , and Reconstitution of germ-free mice with fecal material from responding patients could lead to improved tumor control, augmented T cell responses, and greater efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy. Our results suggest that the commensal microbiome may have a mechanistic impact on antitumor immunity in human cancer patients.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bifidobacterium longum; Enterococcus faecium; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immunotherapy; Melanoma; Mice; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 29302014
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3290 -
Gastroenterology Aug 2017Probiotics can reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but little is known about their effects on psychiatric comorbidities. We performed a prospective study... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Probiotics can reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but little is known about their effects on psychiatric comorbidities. We performed a prospective study to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 (BL) on anxiety and depression in patients with IBS.
METHODS
We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 44 adults with IBS and diarrhea or a mixed-stool pattern (based on Rome III criteria) and mild to moderate anxiety and/or depression (based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale) at McMaster University in Canada, from March 2011 to May 2014. At the screening visit, clinical history and symptoms were assessed and blood samples were collected. Patients were then randomly assigned to groups and given daily BL (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) for 6 weeks. At weeks 0, 6, and 10, we determined patients' levels of anxiety and depression, IBS symptoms, quality of life, and somatization using validated questionnaires. At weeks 0 and 6, stool, urine and blood samples were collected, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) test was performed. We assessed brain activation patterns, fecal microbiota, urine metabolome profiles, serum markers of inflammation, neurotransmitters, and neurotrophin levels.
RESULTS
At week 6, 14 of 22 patients in the BL group had reduction in depression scores of 2 points or more on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, vs 7 of 22 patients in the placebo group (P = .04). BL had no significant effect on anxiety or IBS symptoms. Patients in the BL group had a mean increase in quality of life score compared with the placebo group. The fMRI analysis showed that BL reduced responses to negative emotional stimuli in multiple brain areas, including amygdala and fronto-limbic regions, compared with placebo. The groups had similar fecal microbiota profiles, serum markers of inflammation, and levels of neurotrophins and neurotransmitters, but the BL group had reduced urine levels of methylamines and aromatic amino acids metabolites. At week 10, depression scores were reduced in patients given BL vs placebo.
CONCLUSION
In a placebo-controlled trial, we found that the probiotic BL reduces depression but not anxiety scores and increases quality of life in patients with IBS. These improvements were associated with changes in brain activation patterns that indicate that this probiotic reduces limbic reactivity. ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01276626.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Bifidobacterium longum; Brain; Canada; Depression; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Emotions; Feces; Female; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Probiotics; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28483500
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.05.003 -
Circulation Research Jul 2020The elderly experience profound systemic responses after stroke, which contribute to higher mortality and more severe long-term disability. Recent studies have revealed...
RATIONALE
The elderly experience profound systemic responses after stroke, which contribute to higher mortality and more severe long-term disability. Recent studies have revealed that stroke outcomes can be influenced by the composition of gut microbiome. However, the potential benefits of manipulating the gut microbiome after injury is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if restoring youthful gut microbiota after stroke aids in recovery in aged subjects, we altered the gut microbiome through young fecal transplant gavage in aged mice after experimental stroke. Further, the effect of direct enrichment of selective bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was tested as a more targeted and refined microbiome therapy.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Aged male mice (18-20 months) were subjected to ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion. We performed fecal transplant gavage 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion using young donor biome (2-3 months) or aged biome (18-20 months). At day 14 after stroke, aged stroke mice receiving young fecal transplant gavage had less behavioral impairment, and reduced brain and gut inflammation. Based on data from microbial sequencing and metabolomics analysis demonstrating that young fecal transplants contained much higher SCFA levels and related bacterial strains, we selected 4 SCFA-producers (, , , and ) for transplantation. These SCFA-producers alleviated poststroke neurological deficits and inflammation, and elevated gut, brain and plasma SCFA concentrations in aged stroke mice.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study suggesting that the poor stroke recovery in aged mice can be reversed via poststroke bacteriotherapy following the replenishment of youthful gut microbiome via modulation of immunologic, microbial, and metabolomic profiles in the host.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Brain Chemistry; Clostridium symbiosum; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Interleukin-17; Intestines; Intraepithelial Lymphocytes; Ischemic Stroke; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Male; Mice; Mucin-2; Mucin-4; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 32354259
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.316448 -
Nutrients Apr 2020Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of HA-196 () and R0175 () in reducing the GI and psychological symptoms of IBS was evaluated in 251 adults with either constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), or mixed-pattern (IBS-M). Following a 2-week run-in period, participants were randomized to one of three interventions: ( = 84), ( = 83) or placebo ( = 81). IBS symptoms, stool frequency and consistency and quality of life were assessed by questionnaires. The differences from baseline in the severity of IBS symptoms at 4 and 8 weeks were similar between groups. Participants in this study were classified, after randomization, into subtypes according to Rome III. Within the group, complete spontaneous and spontaneous bowel movement frequency increased in participants with IBS-C ( = 10) after 8 weeks of supplementation (both < 0.05) and decreased in participants with IBS-D ( = 10, = 0.013). Both and supplementation improved the quality of life in emotional well-being and social functioning compared with baseline (all < 0.05). In conclusion, and may reduce GI symptom severity and improve the psychological well-being of individuals with certain IBS subtypes.
Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium longum; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Emotions; Female; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Male; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptom Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32326347
DOI: 10.3390/nu12041159 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2022Infant microbiome assembly has been intensely studied in infants from industrialized nations, but little is known about this process in nonindustrialized populations. We...
Infant microbiome assembly has been intensely studied in infants from industrialized nations, but little is known about this process in nonindustrialized populations. We deeply sequenced infant stool samples from the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania and analyzed them in a global meta-analysis. Infant microbiomes develop along lifestyle-associated trajectories, with more than 20% of genomes detected in the Hadza infant gut representing novel species. Industrialized infants-even those who are breastfed-have microbiomes characterized by a paucity of and gene cassettes involved in human milk utilization. Strains within lifestyle-associated taxonomic groups are shared between mother-infant dyads, consistent with early life inheritance of lifestyle-shaped microbiomes. The population-specific differences in infant microbiome composition and function underscore the importance of studying microbiomes from people outside of wealthy, industrialized nations.
Topics: Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis; Developing Countries; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome, Bacterial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Infant; Life Style; Milk, Human; Tanzania
PubMed: 35679413
DOI: 10.1126/science.abj2972